How to write a business paper
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Monday, August 24, 2020
4 Things That Surprised me About Self-Publishing an Academic Book
4 Things That Surprised me About Self-Publishing an Academic Book 4 Things That Surprised me About Self-Publishing an Academic Book Joshua Gans is a Professor of Strategic Managementâ at the University of Toronto. He has been publishedâ in the American Economic Review, Journal of Political Economy, RAND Journal of Economics, Journal of Economic Perspectives, and that's just the beginning. In this article, he discusses his ongoing book,à Scholarly Publishing and its Discontents, which takes a gander at the market intensity of diary distributers. The basic idea of thisâ subject drove him to exploreâ self-distributing just because - an encounter which astounded him in a bigger number of ways than one.This is the 21st Century. It would be ideal if you download the free PDF of this book at joshuagans.com and utilize the hunt work. Trust me, it will be easier.And that was that!Self-distributing has offered me unrivaled opportunity, and permitted me to spread my work as at no other time. That being stated, my deals are not as high as I have accomplished before with customary distributing. On the other hand, I haven ââ¬â¢t started any advertising activities other than passing out duplicates and have broken a couple ââ¬Å"rulesâ⬠- like structuring my own book spread. Be that as it may, thatââ¬â¢s part of the excellence of independently publishing, doing things your way. This time around Iââ¬â¢m going to work at my relaxation, update the book with new versions when I need, and get things done by one lot of rules: my own.Scholarly Publishing and its Discontentsâ is accessible inâ paperback from Amazon!Head to Joshua's site for more.Joshua distributed his ongoing bookâ because he had a thought he needed to get out there - not really in light of the fact that he was hoping to assemble a fan base of perusers. Would you be able to relate? Leave any considerations, encounters, or any inquiries forà Joshua in the remarks underneath.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Foundation: Myths Of Rome
Establishment: Myths Of Rome Despite the fact that the establishment of Rome can't be followed back utilizing academic articles rather archeological records have been utilized to give enormous information utilizing settlements, strict destinations and material dated back to the establishment of Rome. We have review accounts from Livy and Virgil. The rule of Augustus was a period that utilized the establishment fantasies and the retelling of them to bring together Rome because of the divided express that Rome was in after the common wars. The utilization of the legends was utilized to bring together Rome as one and to identify with the individuals that they all had and have regular beginnings. By doing this Augustus was utilizing fantasy to advance a message, of political association as well as of an association that the individuals started from one start, to additionally drive this point he constructed sculptures of much glory and reestablished the hovel of Romulus. Romulus and Aeneas in his magnificent symbolism; for example, he raised sculptures of these figures in his new majestic Forum, and garishly reestablished the covered cottage of Romulus on the Palatine after it was crushed by fire. (Square 2 Page 108) By retelling the establishment legend stories Augustus was speaking to the ethical side of the people groups nature by proposing that all of Rome ought to be in solidarity and that convention ought to be recalled and perceived. He was charging himself as Romes second originator wanting to bring together Rome in an increasingly serene age. As I would see it this is without a doubt an utilization of fantasy for moral messages and maybe an approach to control the individuals in his rule. In a portion of the records composed by Livy, whom is believed to be a companion of Augustus yet additionally an honest individual, it expresses that Livys composing reveals that he was a backer of the ethical quality related with the Roman republic. Simultaneously, in any case, he was habitually hopeful about the new supreme time. (Square 2 page 110) Maybe additionally Livy is a strategist, while supporting his companion Augustus his distrust of the overly normal components and of the establishment legends of Rome, are clear for he recommends that the wolf that nursed Romulus and Remus was in actuality a whore with the moniker of wolf. Anyway Livy in his records of legend shows acknowledgment and utilizes some legendary characters, for example, Aeneas, Romulus and Remus. Augustus utilized a significant number of the works from the records of Livy including the curule seat and the purple boarded frock to advance a brought together Rome for instance. On the opposite of a coin it demonstrated Augustus with the engraving perusing, He reestablished the laws and privileges of the Roman individuals. (Square 2 Page 112) This is another exhibit of how Augustus utilized fantasy bolstered by the compositions of Livy to bind together Rome. The engraving on the coin speaks to this and alludes to every single Roman individuals. Neros utilization of legend Nero in his rule was an extraordinary performer and I am sure utilized fantasy as a vehicle for correspondence with the individuals of Rome. Nero was utilizing the characters to extend the equals among him and his capacity as an Emperor of Rome and maybe to impact how he was thought of. This is exemplified in the reference of Suetonius were he composes of Nero singing of the legend of Niobe to interface him with the god Apollo. Nero intended to govern by following the case of Augustus so Nero was accordingly following the nearby affiliation that Augustus had with Apollo. This would likewise assist us with understanding that legend was being reused to keep the ethical quality and having a place of the Roman individuals bound together. Nero additionally connected himself with another god Sol by having pictures of him imagined in an emanate crown which would demonstrate the connection to Sol. Being seen by the individuals of Rome was significant for a ruler, and, without broad communications, open occasions were constantly a phase for the head; how a sovereign acted before and toward the group empowered a discourse among rulers and dominated. Nero needed the individuals to consider him to be a divine being and utilized the similitudes of himself and Apollo to make harmony. Indeed, even in official coinery Nero can been seen similar to Apollo in the manner he is introduced as Apollo Citharoedus, propelling right in flying robes, playing lyre which he did frequently. Nero supported his own singing by seeing that singing is holy to Apollo (Primary Source 2.6, p. 39). (Square 2 page 143) In the rule of Nero even the Elite were made to perform and this maybe unified Nero with the lower classes of Rome and permitted him to arrive at further to masses and become increasingly well known. Nero utilized legend as an amusement device and would utilize subjects of catastrophes to perform to. It has been noticed that Suetonius recorded Nero being engaged with the ballet productions about the Minotaur, Daedalus and Icarus. He would sing about Niobe. A significant number of the leaders of Rome have utilized fantasy for various closures, on account of Augustus he needed to bind together Rome and improve the quality of the domain by utilizing legend to convey of the sources of Rome by bringing together the individuals the realm would be more grounded. Nero in correlation was so taken up with the theater and playing out that he utilized it as a vehicle to elevate himself to the entirety of Rome, some accepted he was asserting a divine resembling status through the exhibition of fantasy and the creation of relics portraying him as the divine beings Apollo or Sol. Flavian Amphitheater The Amphitheater was an in significant stage for legend and by utilizing the amphitheater as a presentation field fantasy had the option to contact more extensive crowds. The players in the field would imitate characters from legend in spite of the fact that in certain conditions the endings to the fantasies might be performed to engage the crowd. The crowd would must have earlier information on fantasies to distinguish characters from their props, for example, Juno portrayed by holding a diadem and staff. This implied it was no solitary the world class that knew about the legends yet the majority of society. Political and Moral utilization of fantasy It is realized that Rome was improved extravagantly with sanctuaries, pictures, structures and sculptures. This beautification was frequently committed to the divine beings and legends. It is indicated fantasy was comprehended by the first class as well as by the all Romans as they were included by this symbolism even in to the extent the very coinage that they conveyed in their pockets. It is obvious from the discoveries of numerous a seal ring, and pictures of the divine beings communicated from numerous points of view in the appearance of Emperors, that these rings could likewise be huge markers of political devotion to the Gods and in this way the Emperors who were spoken to as them. In this way all things considered, political faithfulness and personality were additionally conveyed thanks to fantasy. It has been expressed that on a basic level of most political focuses are talk, fantasy and imagery. This will possibly work if legend is accepted and can be a reason for turmoil if the overall population approach different wellsprings of data. Fantasies are a wellspring of purposeful publicity despite everything utilized and aligned with today Some of the legends were revamped in Augustuss rule and this could be the reason he utilized them to help retell the fantasies and stories in a manner that would bolster him all through his rule, in light of the fact that as of now it was a period in which there was an incredible turmoil and war in Rome. By focussing on the idea of the starting points of Rome this would hopefully take into account the contentions to dissipate and form into a brought together quiet concentration for a coordinated Rome. It needs likewise to be noticed that the works by Livy from the time of the rein of Augustus, don't all loan themselves to help Augustus and the entirety of his standards. From the perspective on Livy he deciphered the assault of the Sabine ladies as a politically persuaded assault, an approach to build the number of inhabitants in Rome since they didn't have ladies society so the ladies had a committed use being that of multiplication. This demonstration additionally established the relationship the Sabine towns in time after the assault, since now their little girl had posterity that were Roman and Sabine and the ladies went about as political arbiters between the two sides bringing about a joined relationship and an expansion t the Roman Empire. Fantasy has been woven into to political life and it was a vehicle of correspondence among ruler and subjects. Showy exhibitions that connected fantasy to the truth of contemporary life permitted stories to be a technique for speaking with the general population. The immeasurably significant picture to that of an Emperor was meant from various perspectives by having sculptures worked of themselves in presents and with props that were illustrative of Gods. Fantasy at home The portrayal of fantasies in Villas reverberated that of the magnificent Rome, the case of the Roman Villa adorned profoundly with pictures taken from fantasy. It appears that legends had a significance to the Roman individuals since they are envisioned on unremarkable things just as the valuable, from divider artistic creations, ceramics and flatware to brushes and other regular things. Legend is alluded to in commemorations and funerary landmarks from the rich to poor people in spite of the fact that it's anything but a case to be a God it shows the across the board utilization of fantasy and that it was so critical to individuals of Rome. Legends were images for individuals to connect themselves with and present their insight convictions and their own personality. End Fantasies were utilized to impart good and political messages however they were likewise retold for diversion purposes. It is apparent that rulers utilized fantasy to attempt to build up some sort of hold and authority over society. The Emperors needed and expected to have an assembled Rome and utilized legend to retell of a period of enormity. By identifying with fantasy the rulers are building up a personality with legend and the belief system that is introduced in a story structure, this at that point expands a people attention to the right method to carry on or to caution of results should they act like the characters in the fantasies. In spite of the fact that the utilization of legend has all the earmarks of being extremely wide spread I accept that rulers would utilize the narratives and adjust them to accommodate their own motivation, by doing this it would permit a firm control of the individuals from both a political and good standing. The Romans seemed to have been surroun
Monday, July 20, 2020
How to Write a Problem Statement for Research
How to Write a Problem Statement for Research Problem Statement for Research: Easy Writing Guide The first and the most vital step in any research is to determine and formulate the research problem. But many students find this task too difficult. This article is a quick guide to writing a problem statement for research proposal. A research problem can be described as the gap in a contemporary knowledge that has to be filled. The most typical sources of research problems are: Various research theories in the fields of knowledge Personal experience of researchers and their interests A reproduction of research studies that were conducted earlier What is the problem statement? A problem statement is the description of the currently existing issue that needs to be addressed. Statement of the problem for research paper provides the necessary context for the study and creates the questions which should be answered in the research process. A strong problem statement is just one sentence which is accompanied by several paragraphs that discuss the problem in detail. The paragraphs should provide persuasive arguments that prove why this problem is worth studying. What are the main components of the problem statement? Statements of problem usually have three elements: The problem itself, presented clearly with enough detail to understand its significance The method that should be used to solve the problem, often presented as a claim or a working thesis The statement of purpose and scope of the proposed project When writing a problem statement for research, you should take into account the following criteria: The problem statement should clearly determine what exactly is to be investigated. The problem statement may be a declarative sentence or a question. The statement of the problem should determine the variables of interests and the study should investigate the specific connections between the variables. When writing a problem statement for qualitative research, you should keep in mind that itâs not possible to state variables in some qualitative methodologies, and you should not do that. But you should explain the qualitative methodology and the parameters of the research methodology. The problem statement for research is important because it gives the context for the further research study and typically develops questions which the proposed study hopes to answer. How to Write a Problem Statement for Research Proposal The problem statement should involve some questions that your proposed research can answer. The significance of the problem should get considerable attention (although the importance of the issues is subjective and can vary in different researchers). The problem statement should determine what key variables can be measured in a relevant way. If writing a problem statement for a research paper, you can identify possible objections to conducting the research you should determine them and respond to them in your problem statement. Your statement of the problem should close with a question. The question could typically include two variables, a measurable connection, and some indication of population. The problem statement is followed by a literature review which is supposed to answer the question of the research problem statement. If the existing literature cannot provide the answer, there is a need to conduct a research to do it. There should be a close connection between the title of the proposal and the question from the problem statement. Identifying the research problem can be challenging but it is a very rewarding process. If you carefully select the research problem, it will provide a right direction for the entire research process and determine the work of the project. Defining your research problem is usually done in several steps: Choose a broad research topic that you are interested in To transform your topic into a manageable problem for further research, ask questions about your topic, such as âwhat/who/where/why/when/howâ Choose one narrow problem you managed to define and ask relevant questions that can help solve this problem Write a problem statement for a research that consists of several sentences which briefly describe the issues that should be investigated, determine the significance of the proposed question, and declare what you are going to do. Choose possible research design after consulting your supervisor Prepare your research proposal Need more advice on how to write a problem statement for research? You can follow these four steps as well. Begin with a general problem that identifies the need for a research Define the specific problem that you propose for a research Include introductory words that describe methodological approach which is relevant to the specific research proposal problem Identify the general population group of the study that you propose Writing a problem statement for any research requires the profound knowledge of the field of study and strong analytical and critical thinking skills. Besides, you should be an expert in academic English language and style. If you cannot write the problem statement for your research on your own, you may get professional help from the experienced writers from our paper writing service. They will provide you with a custom written problem statement that will be clear, concise, and perfect in style and format.
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Advertising to Children Essay 4 - 2185 Words
Brainwashing Advertising to Children Dawn Korsick BUS 317 Garlyn Lewis October 10, 2009 Advertising plays an important role in business and in society. With advertising comes social and ethical responsibilities, this is especially important when advertising to children of all ages. Although a childââ¬â¢s age cannot be defined universally, The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization states early childhood is zero to eight years old. Advertising law defines the age of a child will vary by jurisdiction, but the age of twelve is a common cut-off age. It is at this age that children have developed their consumer behavior to be critical and have the ability to understand what is being advertised to them. ââ¬Å"Moreâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦(Strasburger, 2001). * Magazines aimed at children have blossomed. Many of these magazines are kid versions of adult magazines. For instance, the popular ââ¬Å"Sports Illustrated for Kidsâ⬠, carries ads for minivans. * Promotional toys either tie in to cartoons, TV shows and movies or promote br and consciousness and loyalty. * Cartoon and toy characters are used on all kinds of products, seeking to catch the childrens eyes and purchases. * Databases of child customers are being built from information gathered on Internet sign-ups and chat rooms, from electronic toy registries at stores like Toys R Us, and from direct surveys. * Advertising in schools: Advertisers and marketers take advantage of severe budget shortfalls in schools to offer cash or products in return for advertising access to children. In my daughterââ¬â¢s school they have fundraising boxes for students to put ââ¬Å"Box Topsâ⬠cut outs from companies such as ââ¬Å"Betty Crockerâ⬠and cereal brands. * Channel One: short news briefs are surrounded by commercials that children are forced to watch in schools. * Promotional licensing of products aimed at kids who will include media pitches, an example would be a brand of pagers that will include messages from MTV or a local radio station can text c onsented members of local events. * Logos on all types of merchandise, everywhere children go. *Show MoreRelatedThe Good and Bad Side of Advertising1657 Words à |à 7 Pages Compare and Contrast the ââ¬ËGoodââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËBadââ¬â¢ side of Advertising PLAN TITLE: Compare and contrast the ââ¬Ëgoodââ¬â¢ side and ââ¬Ëbadââ¬â¢ side of advertising. PATTERN: Block Format INTRODUCTION CONTEXT: Communal Issue SUBJECT: Advertisements LIMITED SUBJECT: ââ¬Ëgoodââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëbadââ¬â¢ side ISSUE: compare, contrast THESIS: It states the similarities and differences but in emphasis on ââ¬Ëgoodââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëbadââ¬â¢ side of advertising. Similarities- ââ¬Å"Goodâ⬠side of Advertising Paragraph 1: Creates deep impression. Example: Hyundai CommercialsRead MoreThe Case Ban On Tobacco Ads And Talks About The Conflict Of Interests Between Tobacco Producers And The Government Essay901 Words à |à 4 PagesThis essay is a case study analysis that uses the case Ban on Tobacco Ads and talks about the conflict of interests between tobacco producers and the Government of India. In Feb 2001 the Government of India published the news on tabling a bill that bans Tobacco companies on advertising cigarettes and sponsoring the sports and other cultural events. (1) There are several arguments that support the Governmentââ¬â¢s decision: 1. 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In the following essay, some of those unethical issues of McDonald being criticized will be analyzed based on the values-oriented framework, which refers to the AMA Statement of Ethics and ICC International Code of Advertising Practice. Successful marketing could seize the opportunity according to the need of the public, giving people what they wantRead MoreConsumerisum in the 1950s1198 Words à |à 5 Pagesover the Cold War, threat of an evermore intrusive American government and loss of individualism existed as well. These high expectations and anxieties played a great deal into how people consumed. Eventually these factors combined with aggressive advertising marketing, with the help of media (mainly TV), led to the emergence of a whole new market, teenagers. In Roland Marchand s ââ¬Å"Visions of Classlessnessâ⬠and Kelly Schrumââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Making the American Girlâ⬠, the authors discuss the factors such as, effectsRead MoreStakeholder Analysis : Business Analysis1384 Words à |à 6 PagesXinyue Pan Kristen Foster CO150.402 15 October 2014 Stakeholder Analysis Essay Nowadays, the increasing number of companies decide to boost the investment of advertisements in order to propagandize the new products more effectively and efficiently. Munusamy and Wong argue that advertising has become one of the important elements in our modern life (Munusamy and Wong). According to the most recent forecast of US advertising spending, eMarketer expects US advertisers to spend $171.01 billion on paidRead MoreChocolate Advertising (Short)961 Words à |à 4 Pages to target children and their doting parents. This can be tv adverts for the latest craze toy or the images in kids magazines. For this essay I will draw attention to the sale of chocolate. As with most children, mine have healthy appetites and a Ãâsweet tooth . As with most parents, my wife and I like to please our children and have a quite life. But we also wish our children to be healthy and well fed. When I last went to purchase petrol at a filling station I took my two children. As I walkedRead MoreHow Advertising Is Not A Recent Human Discovery965 Words à |à 4 PagesAdvertisement is not a recent human discovery, but rather it has been around for a very long time. In ancient civilizations, stone carving, wall-painting, and oral noticing were the most common forms of advertising. Egyptian Pharaohs used carved iron plates for public notices. For instance, archaeologists in Thebes, Egypt, discovered a 3000 year old public advertisement that offered a reward for a runaway slave. Old Greeks used wall-paintings to showcase ads about theatrical productions, and papyrusRead MoreIs Radio Be A Catalyst For Social Change?950 Words à |à 4 Pagesmentality which involv ed keeping up appearances essentially whilst looking after the family, who the media would most often depict as weak, ineffectual, victimised, supportive, laughable or ââ¬Ësimply a token female (lone female in a group of males). In this essay I will be answering the question ââ¬Å"Might Radio be a catalyst for social change?â⬠by essentially pulling apart the gender stereotypes of both male female, doing this will allow us to see how society has developed in terms of attitude and diversityRead MoreOnline Advertising Methods For Advertising1719 Words à |à 7 Pages Online Advertising Methods Background Every day, marketing professional come up with new ways in which they can market their products to consumers successfully. Marketing of products has significantly changed following the invention of the internet. 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Force and Movie Batman Leaps Free Essays
Superheroes have been around for a time now, since 1934 starting with Mandrake the Magician made by Lee Falk, and then came Superman made by Joe Shuster and Jerry Siegel. But how do superheroes do what they do? They play mind tricks, can lift up incredible amounts of weight and do stuff no regular human can do. In this paper Iââ¬â¢m writing you will see how superheroes violate Newtonââ¬â¢s 3 laws of motion. We will write a custom essay sample on Force and Movie Batman Leaps or any similar topic only for you Order Now First letââ¬â¢s talk about batman and the movie that just came out called the dark night rises. In this movie batman leaps from a building for 4 to 5 seconds before opening his wings neglecting significant air resistance (this affect Newtonââ¬â¢s 3rd law). Scientists found out that all that force applied exert about 1600 pounds of force to his arms. Not even the worlds strongest man can lift that much!! Next we talk about spider-man and his trickery. In his the movie spider-man 3 is basically immortal, never dying person. For example In a climatic battle scene spider man fall 80 stories and survives without breaking a bone, concussion, or presumably any internal bleeding. Lets use Newtonââ¬â¢s second law to calculate (Fnet=ma) how much force the ground exerts on spider-man upon impact. After calculation we see that the weight of that fall is 47 tons. Wow if that any one else they would have die. Lastly we talk about the science of star trek (Kirkââ¬â¢s magic fingers). In the trailer we see that James T. Kirk is driving a car which is going about 80 mph (36 m/s). the car seems to be about 30 meters from edge when it starts skidding through dirt and sand. Newton second law says Fnet = Ffriction = à µmg = ma where the acceleration of the car is completely due to the friction force. M is the mass of the car, g is equal to the acceleration due to gravity (9. 8m/s2) , à µ is the coefficient of sliding friction between sand and tires (0. 5 at most), and a is the acceleration of the car. Solving for a we get: a = à µg = (0. 5)(9. 8m/s2) = 4. 9 m/s2If we assume a relatively constant acceleration then a = (v2 ââ¬â v02)/2x Where v0 = 36m/s, a = ââ¬â 4. 9 m/s2 and x = 30 m. Solving for v we find that the car goes over the cliff at a speed v = 32 m/s. so we figure out that Kirk fingers can hold 877 pounds. Someone knows how to work their fingers. So now you see what happens behind the scenes . So the next you see a movie donââ¬â¢t believe you see. How to cite Force and Movie Batman Leaps, Essay examples
Sunday, April 26, 2020
The Whig Party (1834-56) Of The United States Was Formed To Oppose And
The Whig party (1834-56) of the United States was formed to oppose Andrew JACKSON and the DEMOCRATIC party. The Whig coalition's antecedent was the National REPUBLICAN party organized to support President John Quincy ADAMS (1825-29). Led by Henry Clay of Kentucky and Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, National Republicans advocated an active federal role in the nation's economic development. Known as the American System, their program called for federally sponsored roads and canals, a high tariff to protect American manufacturers, a powerful national bank, and a go-slow policy on the sale and settlement of public lands. The leaders and the program proved no match against the popularity of Jackson. He defeated Adams in 1828, rejected federal aid for roads in 1830, vetoed the recharter of a National Bank in 1832, and later that year decisively won reelection against Clay. The repeated defeats led to the formation in 1834 of a new opposition party, initially united on little but hostility to Jackson's bold use of executive power. Joining the economic nationalists in the party were several state-rights southerners, including for a time John C. CALHOUN of South Carolina. The opponents of "King Andrew" took their name from the American Whigs of 1776 and earlier English Whigs who had opposed the power of the British crown. The wide diversity of views within the Whig party made it difficult to unify around a common program or leader. In the 1836 presidential contest, therefore, the Whigs backed three regional candidates, Gen. William Henry HARRISON, Hugh Lawson White, and Webster, all of whom lost to Jackson's successor, Martin VAN BUREN. In 1840 the Whigs backed a single candidate, Harrison, who, like Jackson, was a military hero. The Whigs campaigned to victory through slogan and song, parading Harrison as a humble "log cabin" candidate who wore homespun and drank common hard cider. As president, Harrison was prepared to let Clay seek congressional passage of an energetic Whig program that included a new tariff and national bank. But Harrison died in April 1841, and his successor, former state-rights Democrat John TYLER of Virginia, vetoed the Whig program and was expelled from the party. The Whigs nominated Clay for president in 1844. The Democrats made the "reannexation of Texas" the campaign's major issue, thereby reviving the dangerous controversy over the extension of slavery. The Whigs, more sharply divided than the Democrats over this matter, suffered a narrow defeat. Ultimately the slavery issue destroyed the Whigs. In 1848 they won the presidency with another military hero, Gen. Zachary TAYLOR. Whig Senate leaders Clay and Webster, however, fearing disunion over slavery, played key roles in securing the Compromise of 1850, which include a stronger Fugitive Slave Law that offended many northern Whigs. In 1852 many southern Whigs defected in reaction to the party's nomination of Gen. Winfield Scott for president and the deaths of Unionists Clay and Webster. Furious sectional controversy over the Kansas-Nebraska Act dealt the final blow. The bulk of the party's remaining members dispersed in 1856 to the nativist KNOW-NOTHING party or to the rising Republican party. Bibliography : Binkley, Wilfred E. American Political Parties: Their Natural History. Knopf, 4th ed., 1964. Standard analysis of growth of American party system. Chambers, William Nisbet and Burnham, Walter Dean, eds. The American Party Systems: Stages of Political Development. Oxford, 2d ed., 1975. Interdisciplinary essays based on 1966 Washington University conference.
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