A systematic review of the effect of midwifery care for the bladder in Dissertation

A systematic review of the effect of midwifery care for the bladder in labour - Dissertation Example 3 p. 25 Fig. 4 p. 34 Fig. 5 p. 34 Table 1 p. 31 Table 2 p. 48 Chapter 1 Introduction Urinary incontinence (UI) is now being considered as one of the most prevalent conditions worldwide (Lapitan, 2009). Studies have shown that UI affects both men and women. However, it has also been observed that there is a significant difference in the distribution of UI between men and women. Agazzoti, Pesci, Gresce et al (2000) have found out that the prevalence of UI is significantly higher to women than men and that the difference in prevalence becomes more apparent if age is factored. In addition, it is also been learned that women have twice increased chances of being incontinent compared with men (Lapitan, 2009). This finding supports other studies claiming that women have risk increased in becoming incontinent (Ueda, Tamaki, Kageyama et al., 2000; Nelson, Fumer, Jesudason et al., 2001). Pregnancy and postpartum women are a special group with high prevalence of UI. Pregnancy –associated UI is considered as a transient condition in lieu of changes in the body of the pregnant woman, which â€Å"includes fluctuating hormonal levels, increased urine production and changes in the position and relations of pelvic structures in relation to the enlarging uterus occurring during gestation† (Lapitan, 2009, p. 4 -5). On the other hand, postpartum UI is attributed to the changes in the pelvic floor anatomy after childbirth. This condition is believed to be persistent among women (O’Connell, Hannah, Bailey et al., 2002). In effect, there are sufficient studies supporting the claim that there is prevalence of UI among pregnant women and women, in general (O’Connell, et al., 2002; Peake & Menderson, 2003; Samuelsson, Victor & Tibblin, 1997). In the face of this reality, the significant role of midwives in determining the extent of UI of pregnant women is essential in preparing and providing the necessary care that pregnant women needs as they undergo physiol ogical and social changes inherent in pregnancy. Although UI is not life threatening, studies have shown it contributes to a diminish quality of life (Lapitan, 2009; Wagg et al., 2007). In this regard, gaining an understanding of how midwives view incontinence in relation with pregnancy and labour provides a foundation with which responsive to the problem of UI can be framed. As such, this research will be dealing with midwives’ perception pertinent to bladder care. Background of the Study Pregnancy is a complex physiological and social event. However, the increasing intervention of medical technology and medical intervention in pregnancy have contributed to the medicalisation of pregnancy. Although the medicalisation of pregnancy has reduced significantly maternal mortality rate, there is now an increasing question regarding its necessity in terms of normal labour (Johanson, Newburn & Mcfarlane, 2002). The need for approach to pregnancy and birth not only from the perspectiv e physiology, but also from the view of the person – the pregnant woman- is increasingly gaining ground. In other words, the call for being

Final Project Reflective Paper - Team Beta Assignment

Final Project Reflective Paper - Team Beta - Assignment Example Consequently, it is a suitable platform for human resource managers to evaluate their progress and effect adjustment in their human resource management strategies. Management Introduction While implementing projects in new environments, any organization will require to strategize on how to manage its resources including the human labour in an effort to penetrate the market and compete with the external and internal market forces. The human labour is a crucial element of any business, and its management and effective utilization has a direct impact on the organization’s success. The productivity of human labour in all the phases of project implementation lies on the shoulders of the organizational managers. The role of human resource manager in an organization is to recruit, train, monitor, evaluate and motivate the employees during the project implementation process. The performance of an organization will depend on its ability to exercise effective organization behavior and s kills while managing teamwork among the role players within the system. To do this, a company will require to conduct a SWOT analysis as a strategy of re-evaluating its effectiveness in gathering its strengths, neutralizing its threats and weaknesses and grasping its opportunities presented in the environment. Effective team management and organizational behavior are the basic elements that the human resource management must possess in order to survive in the diverse market. Just like any other organization, Team Beta has faced the challenge of managing the team players during the implementation of its performance based scenario planning project. To maintain teamwork within the four members who have a variant cultural background is a credit worth effort that requires effective management skills that can stand the tests of a harsh project environment. The purpose of this article is engage in a critical reflective practice that Brookfield (1998) terms as an effective procedure to chec k the success of any team leader at each stage of a project. Organizational Behaviors and Skills Required in a Successful 21st-Century Organizational transformation is an element of business that an organization cannot ignore in the 21st century. With the proliferation of technology the barriers of business boundaries have become a thing of the past and the world has condensed into a small village. This is a century that has been dominated by trade globalization and extension of business boundaries to feature international business markets (Kreitman, 1997). These changes have had a great impact on trade and organizations are under the pressure to readjust their organizational behavior to suit diversified business environments that are characterized with unpredictable market forces. In team management, it is important to adopt a behavior that suits the modern approach of team management. One challenge that arises team management is the understanding of the available labour force, its management and motivation of the role players. Global diversity management advocates that team leaders provide opportunities for each employee to grow and develop within the organizations that they work in. It requires that the organization takes